Incazelo yeHajj: Umlando Wayo, Amasiko, nokunye

Isingeniso

Njalo ngonyaka, izigidi zamaSulumane emhlabeni wonke ziqala uhambo olungcwele, oludlula imingcele yendawo futhi luwaxhumanise nengqikithi yokholo lwawo. Lolu hambo lwaziwa ngokuthi iHajj, okungenye yezinsika ezinhlanu ze-Islam, noma iqoqo lezinkolelo nezinqubo eziwumgogodla zama-Islam. Kulabo abangajwayelekile, iHajj ingaphezu nje kohambo oluya edolobheni elingcwele laseMecca—elibhekwa njengesizinda sokuzalwa kwamaSulumane—eSaudi Arabia. Inencazelo ejulile engokomoya neyomlando, edinga ukulungiswa okuphelele ngokomzimba nangokomoya. Kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele, sizocubungula incazelo yeHajj, sihlole ukubaluleka kwayo, amasiko, kanye nomthelela woguquko enawo ezimpilweni zabahambi.

Ukuqonda incazelo yeHajj

I-Hajj uhambo olungokomoya olwenziwa amaSulumane avela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Kuwuhambo lokuzinikela, lokuzithoba, nokuzinikela entandweni kaAllah (uNkulunkulu). Incazelo yeHajj ihumusha ngokwezwi nezwi ukuthi “uhambo” ngesi-Arabhu.

Njengoba kushiwo, ingenye yezinsika ezinhlanu zamaSulumane. Lezi Zinsika Ezinhlanu zihlanganisa okulandelayo:

• I-Shahada (umsebenzi wokholo), ibinzana elishiwo;
• I- Salat (umthandazo), eyenziwa kahlanu ngosuku ekuseni, emini, phakathi nemini, ukushona kwelanga, futhi ngemva kokuhwalala, ibheke ngaseMecca;
• I-Zakat (imali yomusa) noma ukunikela ingxenye engashintshi yengcebo yabo kwabampofu;
• iSawm (ukuzila ukudla) noma ukuzithiba ukudla neziphuzo phakathi neRamadan noma ngenyanga yesishiyagalolunye yekhalenda lamaSulumane; futhi ekugcineni,
• IHajj (uhambo olungcwele). Wonke amaMuslim—inqobo nje uma ekwazi ngokomzimba nangokwezimali—kulindeleke ukuba athathe uhambo olungcwele okungenani kanye ekuphileni kwakhe. AmaSulumane angase futhi enze inguqulo emfushane ye-Hajj, uhambo lwe-Umrah, olungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ngaphandle kwesizini ye-Hajj.

AmaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi ngokwenza iHajj, angase afune intethelelo futhi azihlanze esonweni. Uma kwenziwa ngempumelelo futhi kwamukelwa nguAllah, kufana nokuthi sebezelwe kabusha bemsulwa njengosuku abazalwa ngalo emhlabeni. Uma bengakwazi ukwenza iHajj, bangaqoka elinye iMuslim ukuthi lihambe ohambeni njengebamba labo.

Umlando weHajj

Incazelo yeHajj kanye nokubaluleka kwayo okungokomoya kugxile kakhulu emlandweni wayo.

Amasiko eHajj asukela esikhathini soMprofethi u-Ibrahim (owaziwa nangokuthi u-Abraham) nomndeni wakhe, okwenza kube isikhumbuzo sokholo lwabo olungantengantengi kanye nokuzithoba kwabo kuAllah. NgeHajj, amakholwa alingisa okwenzeka kuMprofethi u-Ibrahim, umkakhe u-Hajar, kanye nendodana yabo u-Isma’il, beqinisekisa ukuzinikela kwabo kuAllah nemiyalo yaKhe.

UmProfethi uMuhammad wenza amasiko eHajj ngesikhathi sokuhambela kwakhe yedwa ngonyaka ka-AD 628. Iningi lemikhuba, njengoba kushiwo, igxile ezimweni ezilandelayo lapho u-Allah avivinya khona u-Ibrahim.

U-Allah wayala u-Ibrahim ukuba ashiye umkakhe uHajar (owaziwa nangokuthi uHagar noma uHajirah) kanye nendodana yabo u-Isma’il (owaziwa nangokuthi u-Ishamel) ogwadule eduze kwaseKaaba. I-Kaaba iyisakhiwo samatshe enkabeni ye-Great Mosque eyaziwa ngokuthi i-al-Masjid al-Haram eMecca. Kukholakala ukuthi yiNdlu ka-Allah, indawo engcwele kunazo zonke e-Islam, futhi isebenza njengendawo okugxilwe kuyo amaSulumane emhlabeni wonke aqondise kuyo imikhuleko yawo.

Ngenkathi uHajar no-Isma’il bephelelwa ukudla namanzi, uHajar wabeka phansi u-Isma’il futhi wagijima ehla enyuka amagquma aseSafa naseMarwa eyofuna usizo. Esephelelwe ithemba, wakhala kwaqhamuka isiphethu esimangalisayo esaziwa ngokuthi iZamzam sizobaxhasa. I-Zamzam izosungula iMecca njengendawo engcwele nehlonishwayo emakhulwini eminyaka ezayo.

Esinye isenzakalo empilweni ka-Ibrahim kwaba yilapho uAllah emyala ukuba anikele ngo-Isma’il. Endleleni kukholakala ukuthi u-Iblis (uSathane) wazama ukulinga u-Ibrahim ukuba angamlaleli u-Allah. Namuhla, izinsika ezintathu ezinkulu zimi eJamarat, ugwadule olungaphandle kwaseMecca, eziphawula lapho lezi zilingo zenzeka khona. Uma u-Ibrahim ezama ukwenza umhlatshelo ngo-Isma’il, uAllah uhlinzeka ngenqama ezohlatshelwa esikhundleni.

Ukuthi isizini yeHajj inqunywa kanjani

Izinsuku ze-Hajj zikhonjwa minyaka yonke ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni lenyanga yamaSulumane, elaziwa nangokuthi ikhalenda le-Hijri. Ikhalenda lesi-Arabhu elenziwe ngezinyanga eziyi-12 (Muḥarram, Ṣafar, Rabīʿ al-Awwal, Rabīʿ al-Thānī, Jumādā al-Awwal, Jumādā al-Thānī, Rajab, Shaʸwhāl-al-Qan, Shaʿbāl-Qan, Ramaếnī kanye no-Dhū al-Ḥijjah) onyakeni wezinsuku ezingama-354 noma ezingama-355.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-Hijri kanye nekhalenda likaGregory—elisetshenziswa ezinye izingxenye zomhlaba—ukuthi ikhalenda likaHijri lisekelwe enyangeni kuyilapho ikhalenda likaGregory lisekelwe elangeni. Ukwethwasa kwenyanga kubonisa ukuqala kwenyanga ngayinye ye-Hijri, kuyilapho ucezu lwenyanga lubonisa ukuphela kwenyanga.

IHajj ivamise ukwenziwa kusukela mhla ziyisi-8 kuye kwezingu-12 zenyanga yamaSulumane kaDhu al-Hijjah, inyanga yokugcina onyakeni. Yingakho izinsuku zeHajj zivame ukuhluka kancane minyaka yonke njengoba kuncike ekubonweni kwenyanga, kanye nekhalenda lenyanga. Ngokwesiko, kuneziphathimandla zamaSulumane ezizinikele ekubhekeni isibhakabhaka ebusuku ukuze zibone inyanga ecwebile futhi ziphawule ukuphela kwenyanga.

Uma izinsuku ze-Hajj sezimenyezelwe, iziphathimandla zaseSaudi kanye nezihambi emhlabeni wonke ziqala ukulungiselela ukuya eMecca ukuyokwenza amasiko angcwele.

Amasiko eHajj

I-Hajj iqukethe uchungechunge lwemikhuba eyenziwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa phakathi nenkathi ye-Hajj, ngayinye inokubaluleka kwayo. Ngokuhlangene, la masiko aziwa njengezinsika ezinhlanu zeHajj:

1. Ihram: Isimo Esingcwele Sokuhamba
   U-Ihram ufanekisa isimo sokungcweliswa nokuhlanzeka ngokomoya, lapho abahambi benqaba izenzo ezithile, njengokugunda izinwele noma izinzipho, ukusebenzisa amakha, nokuhilizisana noma izingxabano.Ngaphambi kokungena esimweni se-Ihram, abahambi bazihlanza nge-wudhu (inqubo yamaSulumane). ukuze kuhlanzwe izingxenye zomzimba) namadoda agqoke izingubo ezimhlophe ezikhethekile, ezifanekisela ukulingana nokuhlanzeka.Amadoda kufanele agqoke ingubo yangaphezulu, i-rida, kanye nengubo yangaphansi, i-zar. Bazodinga ukushintshela kuyo uma sebedlule ku-miqat noma i-meeqat (Dhul-Hulayfah, Dhat Irq, Qarn Al-Manazil, Yalamlam, noma Juhfah) futhi bathathe i-Ihram. I-miqat imingcele okuthi uma yeqiwa idinge abahambi ukuthi bangene esifundazweni sase-Ihram.

   Abesifazane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangase baqhubeke begqoke izingubo zabo ezivamile inqobo nje uma izinwele nemizimba yabo kuvaliwe (ubuso, izandla, nezinyawo zivele obala).

   Izicathulo ezinconyiwe zabesilisa nabesifazane izimbadada noma ama-flip-flops.

2. I-Tawaf: Ukujikeleza kwe-Kaaba
   Isiko elilandelayo leHajj yi-Tawaf, edinga ukuzungeza noma ukuhamba uzungeze i-Kaaba izikhathi eziyisikhombisa ngendlela ephikisana newashi. I-Tawaf ifanekisela ubunye bomphakathi wamaSulumane kanye nomjikelezo waphakade wokuzinikela ku-Allah.
3. USa’i: Uhambo Lwesiko phakathi kweSafa neMarwa
   Ngaphambilini, sike sakhuluma ngendaba kaHajar ngesikhathi egijima phakathi kwamagquma aseSafa naseMarwa efunela yena no-Isma’il ukudla namanzi. Ngokuhlonipha ukuzidela kukaHajar nemizamo yokutholela indodana yakhe amanzi, abahambi bahlanganyela eSa’i. , noma ukuhamba ngokushesha izikhathi eziyisikhombisa phakathi kwamagquma aseSafa naseMarwa. USa’i uyisibonelo sokubekezela, ukholo, kanye nesihe sikaAllah esingapheli.
4. Wuquf: Ngimi e-Arafat
   Usuku lwesi-9 lukaDhu al-Hijjah luphawula isiqongo seHajj, eWuquf, lapho abahambi bebuthana ethafeni lase-Arafat, eduze kwaseMecca. I-Wuquf ifanekisela uSuku Lokwahlulela, lapho abahambi befuna intethelelo nesihe kuAllah.
5. I-Tawaf al-Ifadah: Buyisela Ukujikeleza Nokukhandwa Ngamatshe KukaDeveli
   Isiko elilandelayo leHajj yi-Tawaf al-Ifadah noma ukuBuyiselwa Kokujikeleza Nokukhandwa UDeveli.AmaPilgrim abuyela eKaaba ukuyokwenza iTawaf al-Ifadah, okulandelwa ukukhandwa ngamatshe okungokomfanekiso kwezinsika ezimelela ukulinga kukaSathane u-Ibrahim. Le mikhuba ifanekisela ukunqoba kokholo phezu kobunzima kanye nokwenqaba ububi.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yize sike sakhuluma ngencazelo yeHajj, umlando wayo, amasiko, nokunye, kungase kube nezinto esingakwazi ukucwila kuzo. Okulandelayo izimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana neHajj.

Inini iHajj ngo-2024?

IHajj ngo-2024 ibikezelwa ukuthi izoba phakathi kukaJuni 14 no-19. Abahambi abangamaSulumane kulindeleke ukuthi baqale ukufika ngoMeyi 9, usuku lokuqala lwe-Dhul Qaidah, inyanga ye-11 yamaSulumane.

Ubani ongaya eHajj?

Inqubo yokunquma abahambi beHajj unyaka ngamunye ibandakanya izinyathelo nezici ezimbalwa:

1. I-Quota System: Izwe ngalinye linikezwe isabelo esithile sabahambi nguhulumeni wase-Saudi Arabia, owengamele uhambo lwe-Hajj. Lawa ma-quota asekelwe kubantu abangamaSulumane ezweni. Kwamanye amazwe amaSulumane, ilotho yenziwa ukukhetha abahlanganyeli beHajj. Emazweni angewona amaMuslim, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvame ukufika kuqala, kube yilabo abafika kuqala.
2. Ukukhetha Kukahulumeni: Ohulumeni bamazwe anama-Muslim amaningi bavamise ukwengamela inqubo yokukhetha. Bangasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengezinhlelo zelotho, ukwaba izikhala zeHajj phakathi kwezakhamizi ezifanelekile.
3. Ukubhalisa: Abantu abafanelekile abafisa ukwenza i-Hajj kufanele babhalise kuziphathimandla zikahulumeni noma izikhungo ezigunyaziwe ze-Hajj. Ukubhalisa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukunikeza ulwazi lomuntu siqu, imibhalo, kanye nokukhokhwa kwemali.
4. Imibandela: Ohulumeni bangase babeke phambili izigaba ezithile zabantu, njengabahambi bokuqala, abantu abadala, noma labo abanezimo zempilo. Bangase futhi bacabangele izici ezifana nokuba khona kwe-Hajj yangaphambilini, isimo senhlalo-mnotho, kanye neminikelo yomphakathi.
5. Ukugunyazwa okuvela kuziphathimandla zase-Saudi: Ngemva kwenqubo yokukhetha ezingeni likazwelonke, ukugunyazwa kokugcina kokubamba iqhaza kwe-Hajj kuvela kuhulumeni wase-Saudi Arabia. Bakhipha ama-visa nezinye izimvume ezidingekayo ukuze izihambeli zingene eMbusweni futhi zenze uhambo lokuyokhulekela.

Sekukonke, le nqubo ihlose ukuqinisekisa ubulungisa, ukuphepha, nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwenani elikhulu labahambi abahlangana eMecca unyaka nonyaka bezokwenza iHajj.

Ingabe ukubhalisa ku-Nusuk kusho ukuthi ngamukelwe ku-Hajj?

Cha. Ukubhalisa ku -Nusuk akufani nokwamukelwa ku-Hajj. Hlola ukuthi ingabe uyisakhamuzi samazwe anamasevisi e-Nusuk ngo-2024. Uma ufaneleka, ungabhalisa ngeplatifomu.

Uma usubhalisiwe, ungafaka isicelo se -visa ye-Hajj ngokusebenzisa abahlinzeki besevisi abagunyaziwe abangakusiza ngenqubo yokufaka isicelo se-visa. Kuzoba ku-Ministry of Umrah & Hajj ukugunyaza i-visa yakho ye-Hajj.

Zingaki izinsuku zeHajj?

IHajj imvamisa yenzeka izinsuku ezinhlanu, kusukela osukwini lwesi-8 kuya kolwe-12 lwenyanga yamaSulumane kaDhu al-Hijjah, inyanga yokugcina onyakeni. Izinsuku zeHajj zivame ukuhluka kancane minyaka yonke njengoba kuncike ekubonweni kwenyanga, kanye nekhalenda lenyanga.

Isiphetho

Empeleni, incazelo yeHajj idlulela ngale kokuba wuhambo olungcwele; kuwuhambo lukamoya olujulile olungcwelisa izimiso eziwumongo ze-Islam—ukuzithoba, ukuzinikela, kanye nobunye.

Ngemikhuba yayo nezimpawu zayo, iHajj igxilisa kubahambi umuzwa ojulile wokuthobeka, ukubonga, nokuxhumana nabakholwa nabo. Incazelo yeHajj isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sesimo sempilo yesikhashana kanye nokubuyela ekugcineni ku-Allah. Njengoba amaSulumane enza lolu hambo olungcwele, awagcini nje ngokufeza isibopho senkolo kodwa futhi athola ulwazi olushintshayo olunothisa ukholo lwawo futhi luqinise ubuhlobo babo noNkulunkulu.

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